Concussion
and Brain Health
A concussion is a type of brain injury caused by a bump, blow or jolt to the head, or a hit to the body that makes the head move suddenly.
This rapid movement can affect how the brain works for a short time. A person does not have to be knocked unconscious to have a concussion.
Concussions are common in contact sports such as rugby, football and hockey, but they can also happen after falls, road traffic accidents or everyday injuries.
Most people recover fully with the right care and rest, but it is important to recognise the signs early and seek medical advice.
IF IN DOUBT, SIT THEM OUT.
Signs and symptoms of concussion
Someone else may notice:
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Confusion or disorientation
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Forgetting what happened before or after the injury
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Appearing dazed or stunned
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Difficulty concentrating
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Slurred speech
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Slow responses to questions
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Changes in mood or behaviour
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A blank or glassy stare
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Loss of consciousness, even briefly​
​The person may report:
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Headache
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Dizziness
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Feeling sick or vomiting
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Feeling "foggy" or slowed down
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Blurred or double vision
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Seeing stars or flashing lights
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Ringing in the ears
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Drowsiness
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Poor balance
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Memory problems
When should I get urgent help?
Call 999 or seek urgent medical attention if the person:
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Loses consciousness and does not wake up
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Has repeated vomiting
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Has a seizure
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Becomes increasingly confused
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Has weakness in their arms or legs
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Has severe or worsening headache
​
What should I do if I suspect a concussion?
If in doubt, sit them out.
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Stop the activity immediately.
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Remove the person from play or risk of further injury.
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Monitor symptoms closely.
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Seek medical advice.
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Do not leave them alone for the first 24 hours unless advised otherwise by a healthcare professional.
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Avoid returning to sport or strenuous activity until medically cleared.
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Follow a gradual return-to-activity plan.
Can concussions be prevented?
Not every concussion can be prevented, but you can reduce the risk by:
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Wearing appropriate protective equipment.
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Learning safe playing techniques.
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Following the rules of the sport.
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Maintaining good strength and balance.
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Making homes, workplaces and sports environments safer.
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Taking all head injuries seriously.
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Concussions and long-term brain health
Most people recover well from a single concussion.
However, research suggests that repeated concussions and other traumatic brain injuries may increase the risk of problems with memory, thinking and brain health later in life, including a higher risk of dementia.
Scientists are still working to understand exactly why this happens. What we do know is that repeated injuries to the brain can have lasting effects over time.
The good news is that taking steps to prevent head injuries, recognising concussion early and allowing enough time to recover may help protect long-term brain health.
Protecting your brain today is an investment in your brain health for the future.
Some frequently asked questions:
In collaboration with:
Note: The information listed on this page has been selected to help individuals understand and maintain their brain health. The information here does not replace any guidance given by other healthcare practitioners. If you have any concerns about concussions or changes in your memory or thinking abilities you should seek advice from your GP.